Practice question
What additional concept did the December 2008 Vinzons-Chato resolution emphasize for a private tort damages claim?
- The plaintiff’s membership in any political party.
- The plaintiff’s disagreement with every tax policy.
- The officer’s wealth alone.
- A particular legal injury and a relevant duty owed to the claimant, rather than disagreement with a public act alone.
- Automatic damages whenever a circular is questioned.
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html — Civil Code, articles 27 and32.
- https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/48330 — Vinzons-Chato v Fortune Tobacco, GR 141309, December 23 2008, main resolution: particular legal injury and public duty.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2024/jun2024/gr_234680_2024.html — Supreme Court GR 234680, June 2024, main opinion: Administrative Code Book I section 38.
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