Practice question
A fiscal personally orders a seizure established to violate the claimant’s constitutional right, on facts matching Lim. He argues that lack of malice alone defeats Article 32. What follows?
- An official’s personal belief decides constitutionality
- Good faith automatically converts the seizure into a valid warrant
- Article 32 never applies to prosecutors
- Only departmental discipline is possible
- That defense alone does not defeat the established rights-based claim
Legal references
- Civil Code, Articles 6, 19-21, 27, 32, 430, 1144-1155, 1757-1758 and 2034: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
- Lim v. Ponce de Leon, G.R. No. L-22554, August 29, 1975, MAIN decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1975/aug1975/gr_22554_1975.html
- City of Muntinlupa v. N.C. Tavu and Associates Corp., G.R. No. 234680, June 10, 2024, MAIN decision, Administrative Code Sections 38-39 quoted: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2024/jun2024/gr_234680_2024.html
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