Definition and Essential Elements

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1. How does Article 1156 define an obligation?
2. In the structure of an obligation, who is the active subject or obligee?
3. What is the prestation or object of an obligation in its technical sense?
4. Under a valid agreement, Ana must pay Ben ₱40,000. For Ana’s payment obligation, who is the passive subject?
5. A valid covenant requires a business owner to refrain from installing a noisy generator in a specified shared courtyard…
6. Carlo undertakes in a valid contract to repair Dina’s identified machine for an agreed price. The contract is binding, …
7. Luz is entitled under a valid agreement to Omar’s delivery of a specified sculpture. In return, Omar is entitled to Luz…
8. Under a binding agreement, Pia must deliver a specified desk to Quin for an agreed price. Identify the active subject, …
9. Explain why a legally binding duty to repair equipment and a legally binding duty to refrain from a prohibited installa…
10. A student argues that an obligation cannot exist unless the creditor has already obtained judgment. Explain the error u…
11. What distinguishes a civil obligation under Article1423?
12. What is a stated effect of voluntary performance of a natural obligation?