Practice question
A debtor pays an unauthorized receiver, and the creditor later validly ratifies that payment. Under Article 1241, must the debtor still prove actual benefit to the creditor as if ratification had never occurred?
- Always
- Ratification can never matter
- Only the receiver decides
- Only a new contract can matter
- No; ratification is among the cases in which benefit need not be proved
Legal references
- Civil Code, Articles 1209-1210,1223-1230,1238-1243,1266-1268 and1423-1430: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
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