Payment or Performance

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1. Does payment under Article 1232 refer only to handing over money?
2. To whom should payment ordinarily be made under Article 1240?
3. May a debtor force a creditor to accept a different thing solely because it is more valuable than the specific thing du…
4. A debtor substantially performs in good faith but causes proven compensable defects. What is the Article 1234 consequen…
5. A creditor knowingly accepts an incomplete performance without expressing any protest or objection. What does Article 1…
6. A stranger, without the debtor’s knowledge and without any interest in fulfillment, pays an amount to the creditor. Lat…
7. A contractor tenders visibly incomplete work. The client immediately and expressly objects but temporarily uses the saf…
8. Distinguish substantial performance in good faith from knowing acceptance without protest.
9. Explain reimbursement and subrogation when a third person pays without the debtor’s knowledge or against the debtor’s w…
10. A debtor offers a more expensive substitute for the definite thing due. Explain whether the creditor must accept it.
11. Under Article 1238, payment by a third person who does not intend reimbursement is generally treated as what between pa…
12. Under Article 1241, may payment to an incapacitated creditor be valid if the creditor kept the thing delivered?