Practice question
A valid substitution without Ivo’s knowledge discharges him. The new debtor then becomes insolvent and fails to pay. Explain Article 1294 and whether these events alone revive Ivo’s former liability.
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html — Civil Code, articles 1293–1295.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2023/aug2023/gr_259469_2023.html — Aliguyon v Dummang, GR 259469, August 30 2023, main opinion: creditor consent and expromisión/delegación.
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