Practice question
After intimidation ends, a victim who knows the annulment ground voluntarily performs an act necessarily implying an intention to waive it. No remaining disability or contrary fact is present. The victim later says ratification is impossible without a new written agreement. Which answer follows Article 1393?
- Ratification is never possible for intimidation.
- A written agreement is required for every ratification without exception.
- Any performance during continuing intimidation necessarily ratifies.
- The stated informed post-defect conduct may constitute tacit ratification.
- Only the intimidating party may decide whether annulment is waived.
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html — Civil Code, articles 1390–1399.
- https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1989/ra_6809_1989.html — RA 6809, sections1 and3: majority at eighteen, subject to special-law exceptions.
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