Practice question
What is the principal purpose of nominal damages under Article 2221?
- Vindication or recognition of a violated right
- Exact reimbursement of every proved expense
- Punishment for every criminal offense
- Automatic payment of a contractual penalty
- Replacing every interest calculation
Legal references
- Civil Code Articles 2216 and 2221–2223: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
- Paulino v. Sutherland Global Services, GR 262564, August 6, 2025, main decision, vindicatory nominal damages: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/70181
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