Practice question
A plaintiff proves a statutory right was invaded, and asks the court to consider nominal damages for vindication. Defendant insists an itemized invoice must first quantify the value of that right. Which is best?
- That invoice demand misconceives the vindicatory purpose; the violation and proper award remain for assessment.
- An invoice is always indispensable for every right.
- Rights have no remedy without a market price.
- The claimant automatically receives any demanded figure.
- Nominal awards are solely punitive criminal fines.
Legal references
- Civil Code Articles 2206, 2208 and 2216-2225: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
- Paulino v. Sutherland Global Services, G.R. No. 262564, August 6, 2025, main decision: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/70181
- University of Southeastern Philippines v. Sarate, G.R. No. 247617, November 25, 2025, en banc main decision, Part IV: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/70367
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