Practice question
A plaintiff establishes invasion of a contractual right but no financial-loss basis. The plaintiff seeks nominal damages calculated as the entire speculative profit of a business venture, arguing that the name nominal avoids all compensatory proof requirements. Which answer is correct?
- Renaming speculative profits nominal makes them fully recoverable
- The award's purpose remains vindication, so the label cannot be used to collect unproved compensatory losses
- The violated right necessarily disappears
- The defendant must pay every figure requested
- Nominal damages are always the same as liquidated damages
Legal references
- Civil Code Articles 2216 and 2221–2223: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
- Paulino v. Sutherland Global Services, GR 262564, August 6, 2025, main decision, vindicatory nominal damages: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/70181
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