Practice question
A final adjudication awards nominal damages to recognize a particular violated right. The same parties seek to reopen that identical right and its accessory questions without a new factual or legal basis. Which Article 2223 consequence is relevant?
- The adjudication precludes further contest over that right and accessory questions between the parties or their heirs and assigns
- Nominal damages never settle any right
- Every unrelated stranger is automatically bound on every issue
- The plaintiff may demand endless repeated recognition awards for the identical adjudicated violation
- The judgment automatically creates a new contract
Legal references
- Civil Code Articles 2216 and 2221–2223: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
- Paulino v. Sutherland Global Services, GR 262564, August 6, 2025, main decision, vindicatory nominal damages: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/70181
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