Practice question
A judge personally witnessed disputed evidentiary events before receiving the case. Which CJCA ground is implicated?
- Mandatory inhibition under Canon III Section 11(a).
- Only voluntary inhibition can ever apply.
- Personal knowledge is categorically irrelevant.
- A judge may privately substitute personal observations for evidence.
- Only kinship can require inhibition.
Legal references
- 2025 CJCA, AM 25-04-04-SC, November 11, 2025, specific Canon and section identified: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/11/100836
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