Practice question
Does proof beyond reasonable doubt require absolute certainty excluding every possibility of error?
- Yes, absolute certainty is expressly required
- Yes, no conceivable uncertainty may remain
- Only if the accused does not testify
- No; Rule 133 requires moral certainty producing conviction in an unprejudiced mind
- No; mere probability of guilt is sufficient
Legal references
- A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC, Rule 133, Sections 2 and 4; Patotoy v. People, G.R. No. 257910, March 4, 2025, main decision.
- Reviewed primary authority, Rule 133, Sections 2 and 4: https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.html
- Reviewed primary authority, Main decision, prosecution burden and presumption of innocence: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2025/mar2025/gr_257910_2025.html
Answer this question in flashcards to review your response and continue practicing.