Practice question
A party invokes Cesa to ignore every court-set offer deadline as a matter of entitlement. Which is sound?
- Every litigant may now choose any deadline.
- The decision recognizes context-sensitive relaxation, not a general license to disregard the offer procedure or deadlines.
- Courts must admit every late undisclosed item.
- The opponent has no right to rebut after the citation.
- A case citation itself constitutes an oral formal offer of all exhibits.
Legal references
- A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC, 2019 Amendments to the Revised Rules on Evidence, Rule 132, Sections 19-36 as specifically discussed: https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.html
- Spouses Cesa, substituted by heirs, v. Spouses Brucelas, et al., G.R. No. 255564, March 5, 2025, MAIN decision, qualified relaxation of formal offer and identification in recorded testimony: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2025/mar2025/gr_255564_2025.html
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