Practice question
A party presents a duly acknowledged deed and an unacknowledged personal letter. Counsel argues both are public documents simply because both are signed and relevant to the dispute. Neither is an official act or covered by any other public category. Which is best?
- The acknowledged deed falls within Section 19(b), while the ordinary letter remains private
- Every signature creates public-document status
- Relevance converts every writing into a public document
- The acknowledged deed is automatically immune from fraud challenges
- The private letter is automatically inadmissible for every purpose
Legal references
- 2019 Rules on Evidence, Rule 132 Section 19: https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.html
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