Practice question
A party argues that a foreign court’s written official order cannot be public under Section 19(a) because the issuing officer is not Philippine. Which is sound?
- Only Philippine official acts can ever qualify.
- The category expressly includes foreign official acts or records, with applicable proof requirements addressed separately.
- Every foreign order is necessarily a private diary.
- Foreign origin automatically proves falsity.
- Only acknowledgment by the opposing party can make a record official.
Legal references
- A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC, 2019 Amendments to the Revised Rules on Evidence, Rule 132, Sections 19-36 as specifically discussed: https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.html
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