Practice question
A claimant produces a private agreement as genuine. Its payment amount appears materially altered after execution. The claimant offers no explanation and says proving the original signature alone cures the alteration. Which is best?
- A genuine signature automatically validates every later change
- The claimant must account for the material alteration as Section 31 requires
- All changes automatically prove deliberate fraud
- The court must ignore changes affecting the disputed amount
- Only the opponent may explain the proponent’s alteration
Legal references
- 2019 Rules on Evidence, Rule 132 Section 31: https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.html
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