Practice question
After a conspiracy has ended, a person makes a narrative blaming alleged former co-conspirators. The proponent relies solely on the narrative to prove conspiracy and bind them under Section 31. Which assessment is correct?
- Any accusation conclusively establishes conspiracy
- Past membership makes every future statement binding
- The narrative is admissible under Section 31 merely because it names others
- The special rule requires independent evidence of conspiracy and an act or declaration during and in furtherance of it; the stated narrative does not satisfy those requirements
- Every statement mentioning a crime is a confession by all named persons
Legal references
- 2019 Revised Rules on Evidence, Rule 130, Sections 27–34; applicable constitutional exclusions remain: https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.html
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