Practice question
A box contains fifty unused identical fasteners bearing only the same batch code. One is alleged to be the recovered fastener, but no witness identifies a unit-specific feature or reliable link. Counsel argues the batch code conclusively authenticates that unit. Which is correct?
- The common code alone does not establish which interchangeable unit was recovered
- Every item in the batch is necessarily the recovered item
- A shared code proves every custody event
- A batch identifier eliminates fungibility in every case
- Authentication depends only on production volume
Legal references
- People v Olarte, GR233209, March11,2019, MAIN opinion, categories and authentication of object evidence: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2019/mar2019/gr_233209_2019.html
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