Practice question
Where an instrument has several provisions, what approach does section 12 prefer if possible?
- A construction giving effect to all provisions.
- Discarding every provision except the first.
- Always ignoring the specific clauses.
- Selecting only whichever words favor the proponent.
- Refusing to read the instrument as a whole.
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.html — Rule 130 sections 11–20: legal meaning, harmonization, particular provisions, context, usage and competing constructions.
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