Practice question
After the 2002 expansion recognized in Enojas, are the Rules on Electronic Evidence categorically confined to civil and administrative cases?
- Yes, criminal cases are always excluded.
- No; coverage includes criminal as well as civil actions and proceedings and the specified other cases.
- Yes, unless a prosecutor personally waives the Constitution.
- No; therefore every electronic item is automatically admissible.
- Yes, electronic evidence can never be used in a criminal trial.
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/courts/supreme/am/am_01-7-01_sc_2001.html — Rules on Electronic Evidence, Rules 3–7 and 11: admissibility, authentication, accurate outputs, signatures and ephemeral communications.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2014/mar2014/gr_204894_2014.html — People v. Enojas, G.R. 204894, March 10, 2014, main opinion and notes 15–16: September 24, 2002 expansion to criminal cases and ephemeral communications.
- https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.html — Rule 130 section 4: accurate readable computer outputs and duplicates.
Answer this question in flashcards to review your response and continue practicing.