Practice question
A civil case generally requires preponderance of evidence while a criminal conviction requires proof beyond reasonable doubt. Does that difference alone violate Rule 128's uniformity principle?
- No; the common Rules themselves prescribe different burdens for different proceedings
- Yes; every civil case must require proof beyond reasonable doubt
- Yes; every criminal conviction must require only preponderance
- Yes; Section 2 abolishes every distinction between proceedings
- No; because evidence rules never apply to civil cases
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/pdf/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.pdf — A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC, 2019 Revised Rules on Evidence, effective May 1, 2020; Rules 128 §§1–4, 130 §§1–2, 131 §1, and 133 §§1–2,6.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2025/apr2025/gr_263794_2025.html — CIR v. Marily Development Corporation, G.R. No. 263794, April 2, 2025, MAIN decision (justified evidentiary reopening and opportunity to examine and object).
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2022/apr2022/gr_248304_2022.html — Agapito v. Aeroplus Multi-Services, Inc., G.R. No. 248304, April 20, 2022, MAIN decision (limits on procedural and evidentiary liberality).
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