Practice question
A speaker makes an inadvertent factual error. The listener neither believes nor acts on it. In later litigation the listener says every inaccurate statement automatically creates the conclusive presumption in Section 2(a). Which is sound?
- Every mistake conclusively binds the speaker under that provision
- The absence of reliance is always irrelevant
- Intentional and deliberate inducement need never be considered
- The stated facts do not establish the provision's intentional inducement and belief-and-action requirements
- The listener may create reliance retroactively by filing suit
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/pdf/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.pdf — A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC, current Rule 131 §§1–3,5–6; Rule 133 §§1–2.
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