Practice question
What is ordinarily deemed instituted with the criminal action under Rule 111, absent waiver, reservation, or prior separate institution?
- Every independent civil claim against the accused
- A divorce action
- The civil action for recovery of civil liability arising from the offense charged
- A disciplinary complaint against defense counsel
- An unrelated contract action
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/rc_110-127_crim.html — Rule110 §§2–4,5 private-crime clauses,10,15–16 and Rule111; read §5 first paragraph with AM02-2-07-SC amendment.
- https://chief.lawphil.net/courts/supreme/am/am_02-2-07-sc_2002.html — A.M. No. 02-2-07-SC, April 10, 2002, effective May 1, 2002 (written authorization and court approval of private prosecution).
- https://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1987/jun1987/gr_l-53373_1987.html — Crespo v Mogul, GRL53373, June30 1987, ENBANC MAIN decision (judicial control after filing).
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