Practice question
A bond is ordered under Article29. Defendant claims that the protective order itself conclusively establishes malicious filing and entitles defendant to every claimed damage. Which is sound?
- A protective bond is distinct from a final finding of malicious complaint and proved loss
- Ordering security necessarily proves every loss
- The order is an automatic criminal conviction
- The plaintiff’s case must disappear without adjudication
- The bond itself is a damages judgment
Legal references
- Rules110 Section14,111 Sections1–3 and119 Section19: https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/rc_110-127_crim.html
- Civil Code Articles29,32–34 and2034: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
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