Practice question
In a civil action surviving on a source independent of delict, the deceased accused’s adult heir is properly substituted. The claimant argues substitution itself proves the claim and fixes the heir’s unlimited personal liability. Which is correct?
- Substitution provides representation in the proceeding; it does not itself prove liability or impose unlimited personal debt
- Substitution is an automatic judgment for the whole claim
- Kinship alone proves every allegation
- Substitution revives the deceased’s criminal punishment
- The substitution order replaces all evidence
Legal references
- Rules of Court, Rule111 Sections4,6–7: https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/rc_110-127_crim.html
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