Practice question
For a surviving independent civil action under Rule111 Section4, may heirs be substituted without appointing an executor or administrator?
- Yes; the Rule expressly permits it
- No; appointment is invariably required first
- No; heirs can never be substituted
- Only after every heir reaches age seventy
- Only if the criminal charge becomes final
Legal references
- Rules of Court, Rule111 Sections4,6–7: https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/rc_110-127_crim.html
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