Practice question
For section 18 service effected outside the Philippines, what permission does the rule require?
- Only the plaintiff’s private approval
- Only a publisher’s consent
- No permission if the defendant has relatives here
- Only a travel agent’s certification
- Leave of court
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/am_19-10-20-sc_2019.html — current Rule 14 sections 6, 9 and 17–19, substituted local service and service abroad on a temporarily absent resident.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/sep2006/gr_170926_2006.html — Guiguinto Credit Cooperative, Inc. v. Torres, G.R. No. 170926, September 15, 2006, main decision distinguishing temporarily absent residents and proper service; current mode requirements and numbering come from amended Rule 14.
- https://oca.judiciary.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/OCA-Circular-No.-254-2024.pdf — official OCA Circular 254-2024, AO 101-2024 outbound judicial-document application by motion with leave where the Hague Service Convention governs.
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