Practice question
Does notarizing a privately prepared document titled Summons make the notary the issuing clerk under Rule 14?
- Yes; notarization appoints every notary as the branch clerk.
- No.
- Yes; private authentication replaces the court’s direction.
- Yes; the defendant must accept any notarized demand as court process.
- Yes; a notary’s seal necessarily is the court’s seal.
Legal references
- 2019 Amendments to Civil Procedure, Rule 14, particularly Sections 1-5, 8, 13 and 23, as applicable to the stated issue: https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/am_19-10-20-sc_2019.html
- Spouses Agullo v. Victa-Espinosa, G.R. No. 269921, April 22, 2025, en banc main decision, prematurity not a Rule 9 motu proprio ground: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2025/apr2025/gr_269921_2025.html
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