Practice question
A litigant uses the word void repeatedly but identifies no missing jurisdiction or other legally sufficient fundamental defect. What should the reviewing court do?
- Accept the label as conclusive
- Automatically retry all evidence
- Treat every unfavorable order as nonexistent
- Allow the party to choose the judgment’s status privately
- Examine whether actual nullity is established; the label alone is insufficient
Legal references
- G.R.229395; G.R.241494, main decisions: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2021/nov2021/gr_229395_2021.html
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