Practice question
A covered non-initiatory pleading is emailed to the trial court but not emailed to the opposing party or counsel under Rule 13-A. What distinction in Section 4(c) matters?
- Court filing and service are distinct; lack of the required email to the party or counsel means it is not served.
- Filing automatically proves service in every circumstance.
- The opponent is served merely because the court received it.
- Any social-media post replaces the omitted email.
- Service is unnecessary for all non-initiatory pleadings.
Legal references
- https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/11/99055 — Rule 13-A, Section 4.
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