Practice question
What is the general effect of a judgment becoming final and executory?
- It may be rewritten whenever a party disagrees
- It becomes immutable and generally cannot be modified even to correct asserted factual or legal error, subject to recognized exceptions
- It automatically loses all legal effect
- It must be retried by each newly appointed judge
- It can never be enforced
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2025/feb2025/gr_253218_2025.html — DOST Officials and Personnel v. COA, G.R. No. 253218, February 4, 2025, main decision on immutability, clerical errors, nonprejudicial nunc pro tunc entries, void judgments and post-finality circumstances.
- https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/rc_1-71_civil.html — Rule 39, final-judgment enforcement and satisfaction framework, read with the recognized jurisprudential exceptions.
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