Practice question
A party relies on a foreign judgment upon a specific thing and argues that the word 'conclusive' in §48(a) forbids any inquiry into the foreign tribunal's jurisdiction or lack of notice. Which is correct?
- The word conclusive removes every defense.
- The final paragraph expressly permits the stated defenses in either category, including a specific-thing judgment.
- Only personal judgments need a competent tribunal.
- The foreign creditor alone decides jurisdiction.
- A property judgment automatically validates proven collusion.
Legal references
- https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2019-rules-of-civil-procedure.pdf — Supreme Court official2019 Rules, Rule39§§47–48 and Rules57–61.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/apr2005/gr_139325_2005.html — Mijares v Ranada, GR139325, April12 2005, main decision.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2025/apr2025/gr_272461_2025.html — Ang v Sanchez-Fernandez, GR272461, April21 2025, main decision.
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