Practice question
In its 2025 climate advisory opinion, did the ICJ treat polluter pays as part of the applicable law for that opinion?
- No
- Yes, it imposed an automatic universal fixed tariff
- Yes, it declared every form of strict liability mandatory
- Yes, it eliminated all treaty analysis
- Yes, it ordered every private firm to pay a named sum
Legal references
- ICJ, Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change, July 23, 2025, main advisory opinion: https://icj-web.leman.un-icc.cloud/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf; paragraphs 159-160.
- Rio Declaration: https://www.cbd.int/doc/ref/rio-declaration.shtml; Principle 16.
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