Practice question
Under the 2025 ICJ main opinion, are only historical emissions relevant to differentiation?
- No; current contributions, capabilities and national circumstances also matter
- Yes, current circumstances are expressly forbidden
- Yes, only population in 1800 counts
- Only diplomatic rank counts
- Only the national flag determines burdens
Legal references
- ICJ, Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change, July 23, 2025, main advisory opinion: https://icj-web.leman.un-icc.cloud/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf; paragraphs 148-151.
- Rio Declaration: https://www.cbd.int/doc/ref/rio-declaration.shtml; Principle 7.
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