Practice question
During archipelagic sea lanes passage, a foreign commercial ship discharges oily water in Philippine waters. Its operator admits that the discharge violates RA 12065 and caused documented cleanup losses, but argues that liability cannot arise because the ship remained in motion. Assess the argument without computing a penalty.
Legal references
- Republic Act No. 12065, November 7, 2024, Section 16 and 21(a): https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/98029
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