Practice question
A public-utility franchise claims to be permanently immune from congressional amendment or repeal even when the common good requires it. Is that consistent with Article XII, section 11?
- Yes, a franchise can repeal constitutional limits.
- Yes, all franchises must be irrevocable.
- Yes, only a private shareholder vote can change it.
- Yes, public need is irrelevant after grant.
- No; the Constitution subjects the grant to amendment, alteration, or repeal by Congress when the common good so requires.
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article XII, section 11, https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
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