Practice question
A public-utility grant declares itself exclusive, perpetual and immune from amendment even when the common good requires it. Its holder relies only on compliant Filipino ownership. Which is correct?
- Ownership compliance validates every term.
- Section 11 separately forbids the stated exclusivity and overlong term and makes the grant subject to congressional amendment, alteration or repeal when the common good requires.
- A grant may amend the Constitution by its own wording.
- Only the foreign directors may decide the common good.
- A perpetual title makes every condition private law.
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/3/353 Article XII, Section 11.
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