Practice question
At a joint session to declare the existence of a state of war, all twenty-four Senators and all three hundred Representatives vote. Sixteen Senators vote in favor, but only one hundred ninety-eight Representatives do. Proponents aggregate the votes and claim two-thirds approval overall. What defect appears under Article VI, Section 23(1)?
- There is no defect because votes of both Houses must be pooled.
- The House vote falls short of two-thirds, and the Constitution requires separate voting despite the joint session.
- Senate votes have no role in a war declaration.
- The Constitution requires only one-third of each House.
- A Cabinet vote can automatically replace the missing House votes.
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article VI: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
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