Practice question
A valid treaty permits a limited activity and expressly forbids a particular permanent foreign facility. A later document called an implementing executive agreement authorizes precisely that prohibited facility. Officials rely solely on executive-agreement form and concede the conflict. Under Saguisag, what is the strongest response?
- Executive-agreement form automatically overrides a treaty.
- The President may call any amendment a detail and make it valid.
- Treaties have no legal effect after one implementing document.
- An implementing executive agreement must remain within its treaty’s limits and cannot be used to amend it through the conceded contradiction.
- The conflict is cured solely by publishing the agreement’s title.
Legal references
- Saguisag v. Ochoa, G.R. Nos. 212426 and 212444, January 12, 2016, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2016/jan2016/gr_212426_2016.html
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