Practice question
A House's procedural resolution authorizes a disciplinary committee to investigate disorderly behavior and recommend a sanction. It also purports to let the Speaker implement the committee's recommendation by expelling a Member without any concurrence vote of the House. The committee completes its investigation, and the Speaker signs an expulsion order. Assuming the issue is the missing chamber vote rather than the investigation's fairness, which conclusion best follows from Article VI, Section 16(3)?
- The investigation may inform discipline, but expulsion cannot bypass the required two-thirds concurrence of all Members.
- A committee recommendation is constitutionally equivalent to the House's required concurrence.
- The Speaker's signature replaces all required votes.
- A procedural resolution can dispense with the constitutional concurrence whenever it improves efficiency.
- The President must cast the omitted disciplinary votes.
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article VI, Section 16(1)–(3): https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/3/353
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