Practice question
A lawyer appears on the JBC shortlist for a vacant lower-court judgeship. No presidential appointment has been issued. The lawyer prints a self-prepared appointment certificate, takes an oath before a friend and claims that nomination plus an oath confers the office. Under Article VIII, Section 9, which is correct?
- JBC nomination alone necessarily appoints every shortlisted candidate.
- An oath can replace the constitutional appointing authority.
- Every eligible lawyer acquires every vacant judgeship automatically.
- A private certificate has the same authority as presidential appointment.
- The shortlist and self-prepared documents do not replace the required presidential appointment from the JBC list.
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article VIII Section 9: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
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