Practice question
A criminal complaint alleges that a judge falsely certified case completion. Its resolution first requires deciding how Supreme Court extensions affected the judge's administrative reporting obligation, a question not yet resolved by that Court. The complainant argues that criminal labeling permits the Ombudsman to decide that judicial-administration issue itself. Which is best under Maceda?
- Every criminal label defeats judicial independence
- The matter must first be referred as required to respect Supreme Court administrative supervision; this does not give the judge universal criminal immunity
- Judges can never face criminal proceedings
- The complainant may order the Court to produce anything
- The certification is automatically criminally false
Legal references
- Maceda v. Vasquez, G.R. No. 102781, April 22, 1993, main opinion: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1993/apr1993/gr_102781_1993.html
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