Practice question
An official refuses without just cause to perform an official duty, causing a person material loss. The injured person seeks damages under Article 27 and the agency considers discipline. The official says the remedies are mutually exclusive simply because the same refusal underlies both. Which is best?
- A civil claim automatically prohibits discipline
- The agency must pay every claim without proof
- Article 27 expressly preserves disciplinary administrative action; the same conduct may be examined under distinct legal bases
- Only resignation can resolve the matter
- The official chooses which law exists
Legal references
- Civil Code, Article 27: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
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