Practice question
A memorandum signed by a single executive official purports to dismiss a trial judge as an exercise of ordinary administrative management. No Supreme Court disciplinary action exists. Which constitutional allocation directly defeats that asserted management authority?
- Every executive official has administrative control over all judges.
- Judges are private contractors whenever their salaries are publicly paid.
- Only municipal councils may discipline judges.
- Article VIII places the stated lower-court judicial disciplinary power in the Supreme Court en banc.
- A memorandum can automatically amend judicial tenure provisions.
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article VIII, Sections 5(6), 6 and 11: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
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