Practice question
In an actual case, a party claims that a government instrumentality imposed a legal burden wholly outside its authority through a capricious decision. The respondent argues that its executive status alone removes the action from judicial power. Assume the case otherwise satisfies the applicable requirements. Which is best?
- Every executive action is automatically void
- The expanded definition permits inquiry into grave abuse amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction; executive status is not categorical immunity
- Only Congress may identify any excess of executive jurisdiction
- Courts must decide solely which policy is most popular
- Any allegation alone conclusively proves grave abuse
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article VIII, Section 1: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
- Integrated Bar of the Philippines v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000, main opinion on grave-abuse review: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/36338
Answer this question in flashcards to review your response and continue practicing.