Practice question
An executive secretary invokes the departmental principle to exercise a power that a statute expressly requires the President to exercise personally. Explain the exception and why faithful execution of laws matters.
Legal references
- Villena v. Secretary of the Interior, G.R. No. L-46570, April 21, 1939, main decision, presidential departmental agents and personal-action exceptions: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1939/apr1939/gr_l-46570_1939.html
- 1987 Constitution: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/3/353 Article VII, Section 17.
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