Practice question
A permanent career employee in a national executive bureau is dismissed without legally required cause or hearing. Officials defend the act solely by invoking presidential control and describe dismissal as a change of administrative policy. No applicable law authorizes dispensing with the employee's tenure safeguards. Which assessment is correct?
- Control automatically converts every career employee into an employee removable at will.
- A policy label eliminates all tenure rights.
- Control must be harmonized with security of tenure and lawful removal procedures; it does not alone justify the stipulated dismissal.
- Civil-service rights apply only outside the Executive.
- Every agency employee is constitutionally immune from removal even for lawful cause.
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article IX-B Section 2(3) and Article VII Section 17: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
- Ang-Angco v. Castillo, G.R. No. L-17169, November 30, 1963, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1963/nov1963/gr_l-17169_1963.html
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