Practice question
Which constitutional structural idea helps explain qualified political agency as discussed in PIDS and Mendoza?
- A separate sovereign executive in every department
- Judicial control over all Cabinet policy
- A plural presidency consisting of all bureau chiefs
- A single Executive with departments acting through the President’s agents
- Automatic legislative supremacy over every executive act
Legal references
- Philippine Institute for Development Studies v. COA, G.R. No. 212022, August 20, 2019, main decision: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/65612
- Mendoza v. Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corp., G.R. No. 209216, February 21, 2023, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2023/feb2023/gr_209216_2023.html
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