Practice question
Which circumstance is an established exception to ordinary reliance on qualified political agency?
- The act falls within the secretary's ordinary department business.
- The President has many administrative duties.
- The secretary has relevant expertise.
- The Constitution or law requires the President to act personally.
- An agency needs efficient administration.
Legal references
- Villena v. Secretary of the Interior, April 21, 1939, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1939/apr1939/gr_l-46570_1939.html
- Mendoza v. Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation, February 21, 2023, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2023/feb2023/gr_209216_2023.html
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